Cylinder head construction



M M, 1941. E, V, RIPPINGILLE 2,234,780

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 16. 1958 2 sheets-sheet 1:Snventor Ju @i 1 @Zi (Ittornegs 11, 1941. E. v. RIPPINGILLE 2,234,780

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION Filed Deo. 16, 1938 2 SheeLs--Sheerl 2smse'nior till Patented Moi 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICECYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION Edward V. Rippingille, Detroit, Mich.,assigner to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation ofDelaware l r Application December 16, 1938,A Serial No. 246,053

7 Claims.

strains due to expansion and contractionoccurriug during running of theengine, than those heretolore in use.

linother object of the invention '1s a cylinder headincluding an innerportion which takes the load oi the explosions and is lree to expandindependently ci its enclosing housing, through which it le secured tothe engine ironie.

li lurther object oi the invention is a cylinder head having a watercooled inner portion in which valves may be both seated and guided.

The above and other objects ci the invention will be apparent as thedescription proceeds.

.according to the invention the inner water cooled portion ci' thecylinder head is a built up steel construction, comprising a lower deckand an upper deck spaced trom each other, but rigidly united together byan inverted .tunnel .shaped strut which forms a water chamber jacket lorthe parts of the cylinder' head exposed to the heat oi combustion. lalvepockets and seats are formed in the lowerdeck, and valve guides lor thestems oi the valves are provided in the upper deck. 'lhere 'are portsthrough the conical strut portion, constituting extensions ci the valvepockets into a housing which iorins a large collecting chamber andpassageway for the how oi gases to or :trom the valves, and which holdsthe inner partei the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel in positionon the engine trarne.

The drawings show the application oi the lnvention to a two cycle Dieselengine having tour exhaust valves and an injecter in the cylinder head',and piston controlled'inlet ports in the cylinder wall.

ln the drawings:

Fig. l is a sectional elevation of one cylinder and cylinder headaccording to the invention, showing the method ol mounting the assemblyin the engine frame.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional View of the inner water cooled portionof the cylinder head along with the top end of the cylinder barrel, online t-t of Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a plan. view oi Fig. 2.

liig. 4 is a view in sectional elevation, of a part on line -G of Fig.3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation on line t-t of llg. Il. l

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the lower deck of the cylinder head.

The engine frame includes the crank casing i, and a Welded steel air box2, rigidly bolted thereto.

The inner portion of the cylinder head comprises a lower deck 3, and anupper deck d, united by an inverted funnel shaped strut 5. The lowerdeck 3 is screw threaded as shown at il, for attachment -to the cylinderbarrel l, a

' copper gasket 8 serving to effect aseal between.l

these parts.

The cylinder barrel 'l is provided with a port ring 9 for air inletports l0, and a lower llange l l. rl water jacket around the cylinderbarrel is constituted by the sleeves il and il which are' bracedthereto. Communication between the water jackets' formed by the sleeveslt and lt is through ducts (not shown), extending through the port ringt, between the ports it thereoi. llhe lower llange ll oi' the cylinderbarrel rests on a packing ring lli or resilient material, on a shoulderlll oi the crank casing l.

Within the cylinder l, is a piston lili, with a connecting rod il, tothe usual crankshaft (not shown).

The inner portion oi the cylinder head is enclosed by a housing it,having cored passages such as it, lor water cooling. The upper deck l oithe inner portion of the cylinder head, is piloted in a bore of thehousing lil, there being a packing ring ill oi resilient material,between a flange il oi the upper deck and a shoulder of the bore throughthe housing it, through which the upper deck ll oi the inner portionentends.

The outer housing lil is provided with studs lll, through which it isfastened to a flange lli on the air bor. i, by nuts it. The outerhousing has a plane bottom surface constituting an abutment which bearson the rim oi the lower deck and tightening ol the nuts it compressesthe resilient packings ld and it, until the abutment on the housingbears also on the flange it, when the cylinder and cylinder headassembly are held securely in position.

"the upper dock t consists oi Itwo annular, rimmed discs, bracedtogether at their outer periphery, to lorrn a hollow plate.

The lower deck t is oi generally conical shape to conform with the partt, and has a central bore tu, and lour symmetrically disposed ports t2,with seatlngs such as di, :lor exhaust valves not shown. `llockets 3dare formed between the ports, and pockets llt as shown .in Figures 5 andli, are termed between the valve ports and the outer rlrn or the lowerdeck il, to lighten this part and provide water cooling spaces separatedby radial ribs t8, to which, to 'the rim of the lower deck 3, and to thelowermost of the discs ot the upper deck, the strut 5 is welded.

dit

dil

Three annular grooves 40, 4| and 42 are machined in the bore 30 of thelower deck 3, and are closed ofi by a tubular piece 44, which is screwedinto the bore, below rthe grooves, and brazed to the uppermost of thediscs of the upper deck, lto form a pocket for a fuel pump injector 48,which has a seating 49, in the lower deck 3.

There are ports 52 in the strut 5, coinciding with the ports 32 in thelower deck 3, through which the exhaust gases can ilow into lthe annularspace above the strut 5 and below the upper edck 4, which, when theinner portion of .the cylinder head is enclosed by the housing I8,provides a chamber with an opening 54 for the ilow of gases to or fromvthe valve pockets 32.

Bushings such as 55 for valve guides for each of the exhaust; valves,extend through the upper deck 4, and are brazed thereto; bushings -51and 58 respectively, are brazed inthe upper deck, for a d-owel pin'59 onthe injector, and a bolt 60 which holds the injector 43 on its seatingby means of a hold down crab 6 I Ball socket pieces 64 for valveoperating gear (not shown) are brazed in the upper deck between eachpair of valve guidewbushings.

The spaces bounded by the lower deck 3, the strut 5, lthe tubular piece44, and the two discs of the upper deck 4, are the Water jacket spaces'for these parts.

Interconnection between the Vannular grooves 40, 4l and 42 in the bore30 andthe Water space around the tubular piece 44 is eiected throughdrilled holes 66, and each of the annular grooves 40, 4l and 42communicates with each of the pockets 35 through holes 58, 69 'and l0,respectively. The grooves 40, 4l and 42 with their inlets 68, 69 and l0and outlets 66 provide for an adequate flow of water in contact with thelower part of the sleeve 44 to dissipate heat more directly from thelower part of the injector 48.

Each pocket 35 is connected with its adjacent pockets 36, and viceversa, by drilled holes such as l2, while a plurality of drilled holes14, connect .the pockets 35 and 36, with the water jacket of thecylinder barrel.

The water for cooling purposes enters the bottom of the water jacket ofthe cylinder barrel through holes 16, which extend Ithrough the shoulderI5, the packing ring I4, and the ilange Il, from a gallery 18 in thecrank casing l. 'I'he water leaves the cylinder head, through a port 19and a pipe 8U connected to the top deck 4 thereof.

A cover 82 for valve and injector operating gear (not shown), is boltedto the housing i6.

It will be seen, that the inner built up steel cylinder head is a strongbut relatively light construction in which the four exhaust valves areboth seated and guided, that this has been a-chieved while leaving spacefor a centrally disposed injector, with ample wa-ter jacketing for thecylinder head, the valves, their guides and the injector, and with valveports opening directly into a large collecting chamber for .the

' exhaust gases from each of the valves.

When, as shown in the drawings, the cylinder barrel is secured to thecylinder head, there are no bolts and no joints between the cylinderhead or the cylinder, and the engine frame, to be sealed against gaspressure leakage.

Furthermore, and since in a two cycle engine there is no reversal of gaspressure stresses, the

single abutment provided by the housing surrounding the cylinder head.atall times transmits the gas pressure thrust on the cylinder head .tothe engine frame, and permits the cylinder head and cylinder barrelassembly to expand .axially in either direction away from the abutment.

I claim:v

1. In combination, a cylinder head, a cylinder barrel with a waterjacket, and an engine frame, said cylinder head comprising an innerpor-tion, secured to the cylinder barrel, and a separate portionconstituting an outer housing bolted to the engine frame, said innerpor-tion extending through the outer housing and said outer housingbeing rthe sole means of holding said inner portion and said cylinderbarrel with its water jacket in position on the engine frame .between asingle abutment on the outer housing and a resilient packing ring on theengine frame.

2. In combination, a cylinder head, a cylinder ba-rrel and an engineframe; said cylinder head comprising an inner portion secured yto thecylinder barrel, and an outer housing; valve pockets with valve seatsand valve guides, and water cooling spaces therefor, within the innerportion, and a chamber for the flow oi gases to or from the valvepockets between the inner portion and the outer housing; said outerhousing being the sole means of securing the inner portion of thecylinder head and the cylinder barrel to the engine frame.

3. A cylinder head comprising an inner portion and an outer housing,valve pockets with valve seats and valve guides in the inner portion,and a chamber formed between the inner por-tion and the outer housing,for the ilow of gases to or from lthe valve pockets.

4. The combination yaccording to claim 3, in which ithe inner yportionof the cylinder head comprises a lower deck and an upper deck united bya suitable strut member, the upper deck being piloted in the outerhousing and having a shoulder bearing on a resilient packing ring inIthe outer housing, said housing seating on the lower deck.

5. The combination according to claim 3, in which the inner portion ofthe cylinder head comprises a lower deck and a hollow upper deck, unitedby an inverted funnel shaped strut, the hollow upper deck and the spacebetween the strut and the lower deck constituting water cooling chambersfor the inner .portion of the cylinder head.

6. A cylinder head including a built up steel inner portion comprising alower deck, an upper deck formed of two rimmed discs united at theirouter periphery, and an inverted funnel shaped strut member uniting thelower deck to the lowermost of the two rimmed discs of Ithe upper. deck,there being valve pockets through the strut member and the lower deck,valve seats in the vlower deck and valve guides in the upper deck.

7. The combination according to claim 6, in which a tubular memberconnects the uppermost of the -two rimmed discs of the upper deck withthe lower deck, to form a pocket for an injector; the spaces bounded bythe lower deck, the strut, the two discs of the upper deck and thetubular member being water jacket spaces.

EDWARD V. RIPPINGILLE.

